Clarification

[xxblackxsatinxx.livejournal.com]

Hello everyone! =D

A friend and I have been studying at the Institute of Russian Studies and Culture in SPB. We were put into a class that had been going on for a while and obviously there are things that we've had to just learn on the fly. The professors are, thankfully, very patient and realize that certain things we haven't learnt.

However, we're just looking for some clarification on some grammatical nuances that we've briefly covered in class. Of course, the explanation to these grammar rules are in Russian and sometimes you don't understand the complete meaning of when and how to use it.



1) Short Adjectival Forms

ex: Эта страна богата нефтью и газом.

Why is it not "Эта страна богатая..."?

ex: Вечером этот город очень красив.

Do you use short adjectival forms in a specific case? Or in a specific instance?

2) Деепричастия

ex:
кричать - криЧат - кричА
спешить - спеШат - спешА
учиться - уЧатся - уЧась

We just have pages and pages of examples of these verbs but no concrete usages.

3) для или за или на = for

I have in my notes that you use для и за when answering кого? I know when to use для when it's followed by чего? As in ... купить мебель для спальни.

And how to use за + что like in toasts (drinking..)

But we were never told which cases follow these. Of course, with enough examples one can make a deduction but I'd rather know for sure which case follows.

And then comes in на - кого? что?

My question is how do you difference when to use them all since some are followed by the same case. Which instances would you choose one over the other and how do you really know for sure? Or is it just something that comes with practice and just knowing which one goes with which. I'm okay when it comes to using these in instances of time reference but otherwise, I'm slightly confused.

I hope that made sense!



Спасибо!

Comments

[vovanium.livejournal.com]

1. As already said, short form used as a predicate. But there's also nuance. Long and short forms are used as a predicate and have sligtly different sense. Long form is mostly neutral:
Эта порода дерева тяжёлая (means that one distinguish heavy and light sorts of wood).
But short form is more expressive and means excess or very high degree:
Эта ноша тяжела для меня (This load is too heavy to me)
Широка страна моя родная... (from Soviet song: means that country is really huge)