[identity profile] olydiagron.livejournal.com posting in [community profile] learn_russian

Hello!
When the word единоличник/единоличница is used in the meaning "individualist", is it pejorative, or can it be neutral or positive as well?

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Date: 2012-02-22 09:56 pm (UTC)
From: [identity profile] orie.livejournal.com
This word is very rare, I don't use it.

I think it relates to early soviet times and is definitely pejoratve, part of totalitarian manipulative language

Date: 2012-02-22 09:58 pm (UTC)
From: [identity profile] pro100-petrov.livejournal.com
>totalitarian manipulative language
:))))))

Date: 2012-02-22 10:46 pm (UTC)
From: [identity profile] scarletinblue.livejournal.com
you are not quete right, i think.
it's common word.

Date: 2012-02-23 06:35 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] orie.livejournal.com
what exactly do you mean by "common"?

Date: 2012-02-22 10:14 pm (UTC)
From: [identity profile] surkova.livejournal.com
I can't think of a use case with a positive meaning of this word.

Date: 2012-02-22 10:38 pm (UTC)
From: [identity profile] archaicos.livejournal.com
Yep, the word is typically used to describe someone who is part of some group and is supposed to share in one way or another within that group, but doesn't.

I would not agree...

Date: 2012-02-23 12:49 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] lion-casserole.livejournal.com
.
Единоличник - (in the political economics) is one who would not hire a worker outside of his own family. (The person described above could be referred as "жмот".)

единоличный: единый, личный; свой, собственный, индивидуальный, находящийся в личном владении, находящийся в частных руках, являвшийся личной собственностью, самостоятельный, самоличный, находящийся в личной собственности.

Date: 2012-02-23 01:04 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] archaicos.livejournal.com
http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%E5%E4%E8%ED%EE%EB%E8%F7%ED%E8%EA&all=x:
Неодобр.
Об эгоистичном человеке, заботящемся только о себе и своём благе.

http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/efremova/161667/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:
Член какого-либо коллектива, действующий обособленно, в одиночку.

That's an echo of soviet-style political slang

Date: 2012-02-23 02:03 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] lion-casserole.livejournal.com
.
I would rather say: "Тетради лишней жалко, жмот ты несчастный!" In this context "единоличник" is an antonym for "колхозник", a kind of contumely or unfounded accusation, similar to "кулак", "кулачок", "частный собственник".

"Единоличный" - that is not "эгоистичный", e.g. "единоличное решение" - that is not a selfish decision, that is a decision made with no attention to the public or team member's opinion. It could be pretty valid and professional.

My point is, in the Soviet time's Russian some words were used as a brand of shame. For an example, there is a word "спекулянт"...
ext_711810: (Default)
From: [identity profile] 4px.livejournal.com
Yes, that's an echo, but 'единоличник' is not 'единоличный'.

+1

Date: 2012-02-23 04:06 pm (UTC)
From: [identity profile] lion-casserole.livejournal.com
.
The world eдиноличный was used above in this branch, there is "единоличное хозяйство", "единоличное решение", etc. The word had no negative connotation prior to Soviet times.

Date: 2012-02-22 10:37 pm (UTC)
From: [identity profile] ingwall.livejournal.com
It can be neutral if used as an official descriptive term (a peasant/villager who is not a member of the collective farm), but outside of that context, it means a person is "not a team player", and implies that such a person is self-centered and egotistical. It is never positive.

Date: 2012-02-23 07:28 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] icamel.livejournal.com
it can't be used as a term, it,s a vulgar form derivedfrom the term ведущий единоличное хозяйство.

Date: 2012-02-23 08:19 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] wolk-off.livejournal.com
Why, it not only could, it _was_ used massively, and exactly as a legal term - in statystics, for instance. Look up any demographical data from the late 1920s - early 1930s: a significant partition would be крестьяне-единоличники.

Date: 2012-02-23 06:51 pm (UTC)
From: [identity profile] marsianka-selma.livejournal.com
I second that. "Not a team player" - that's a really good explanation.

Date: 2012-02-23 10:05 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] konstkaras.livejournal.com
This term came from Collectivisation times and used now, as I heard it, just ironically (so, only very slightly pejorative - for instance, asking to share something:).

Not the term...

Date: 2012-02-23 04:03 pm (UTC)
From: [identity profile] lion-casserole.livejournal.com
.
I would say: A negative connotation of term came from Collectivisation times and used now, as I heard it, just ironically (so, only very slightly pejorative - for instance, asking to share something:).

Date: 2012-02-23 06:37 pm (UTC)
From: [identity profile] konstkaras.livejournal.com
Other meanings are completely forgotten, and I'm not sure they did exist. ruscorpora.ru dates first uses of the word to about 1928, and in almost each context till 1930 the word meant a self-employed farmer and nobody else.

From: [identity profile] lion-casserole.livejournal.com
.
http://www.strategplann.ru/razvitie-v-xix-xx-vv/agrarnaja-reforma-p-a-stolypina.html

http://www.sarist.narod.ru/tema50.htm

>>
5.3. Землеустройство. Организация хуторов и отрубов. В 1907-1910 гг. лишь 1/10 крестьян, укрепивших свои наделы, образовали хутора и отруба. После 1910 г. правительство осознало, что крепкое крестьянство не может возникнуть на многополосных участках. Для этого необходимо было не формальное укрепление в собственность, а экономическое преобразование наделов. Местным властям, прибегавшим подчас к принуждению общинников, не рекомендовалось больше искусственное поощрение укрепительного процесса. Главным направлением реформы стало землеустройство, которое теперь само по себе превращало землю в частную собственность крестьян.

Теперь процесс пошел с ускорением. Всего к 1916 г. 1,6 млн. единоличных хозяйств (хуторов и отрубов) были образованы приблизительно на 1/3 крестьянской надельной (общинной и подворной) и купленной крестьянами у банка земли.

Это было начало. Важно, что в действительности потенциальный размах движения оказывался шире: заявления о землеустройстве подали еще 20% крестьян Европейской России, но землеустроительные работы были приостановлены войной (май 1915 г.) и прерваны революцией.

Date: 2012-02-23 07:46 pm (UTC)
From: [identity profile] konstkaras.livejournal.com
This seems to be too indirect argument for existence of the term that time. The documents you link are modern researches and the order of 1909 in question (http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%A3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7_9_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F_1906.djvu#file) seems not to contain the word. But I can agree with you.

Date: 2012-02-24 07:41 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] konstkaras.livejournal.com
The direct meaning is used now just in historical context, individual farmer is called now фермер.
The collectivization was formally voluntary, and, as far as I know, was not even completed in some regions, where all farmers lived in isolated homesteads. Actually, remaining individual farmers suffered heavy suppression, but even in 1940 there were still 640500 individual farms (http://you1917-91.narod.ru/vylcan.html).

now we have only big farms left, I guess, only Kulaki:)

I guess, you actually have some kind of Kolkhozy too, grown by other, economical means. Rapid urbanisation in XX century made farmers increase productivity and hence cooperate, both in Socialist and Capitalist countries.

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