Russian prefixes are powerful !

[raessentia.livejournal.com]

Hello everyone! I'm russian but i only just noticed how powerful russian prefixes is and so i decided to give you some examples :)

I'll be using word "лить" (pour) for this.

So here it is:
наливать - to pour into
выливать - to pour liquid out
заливать - to pour something inside something (ex: to fuel tank)
отливать - to pour part of some liquid out
сливать - to pour some different liquids into one volume or to pour liquid out (same as выливать)
доливать - to pour some liquid somewhere to increase level of liquid to desired level
недоливать - to pour not enough, or to pour not up to maximum volume
переливать - to pour more then needed and so part of liquid spill
поливать - to water something (plants,flowers)
обливать - to water something (wall,car,yourself, anything other)
проливать - to spill
вливать - to pour one liquid into another
подливать - to pour one liquid (a little) to another or to pour a little liquid somewhere
изливать (душу) - disbosom
разливать - to spill (same as проливать) or pour equally into several containers
ps- sorry for my english, it just hard to explain such small "in-betweens" of russian language in english for me :)

So, anyway, great! isn't it? :)

Comments

[claire-chan.livejournal.com]

That's interesting. :D

Could you explain изливать (душу) in more detail, in English, please? My Russian proficiency is sadly lacking, but that's why I'm in the learn_russian community. ^^;;;

[raessentia.livejournal.com]

well, i'm not sure what you want to hear but here you go :)
few examples of using word "изливать": "изливать душу" (disbosom, share your deep emotions and thougths) or "изливать гнев" (fulminate, be very angry, furious), or "изливать свои чувства" (share your deep secret emotions)

[claire-chan.livejournal.com]

That works!

Спасибо ♥

[crimeanelf.livejournal.com]

It is to share with someone close to you a thing that is poisoning you.

My dictionary says, in English it is "to pour one's heart out". My boyfriend says the Spanish expression for that is "desahogarse con alguien".

[claire-chan.livejournal.com]

Gracias to your boyfriend :D

That makes more sense to me now.

[ybelov.livejournal.com]

Russian prefixes ARE powerfuL

[raessentia.livejournal.com]

yeah :)

but english suffix/particles are powerfull to :)

[ybelov.livejournal.com]

In English names of languages are capitalised.
"Powerful" is spelt with one "l".
And please correct the verb in the title of your post.

[raessentia.livejournal.com]

Thanks, i corrected the title but i'm too lazy to correct everthing else :) You understand and that is enough, after all it is RUSSIAN learning community, not english :)

[odreamer.livejournal.com]

No you didn't :) It has to be "Russian prefixes ARE powerful".

[raessentia.livejournal.com]

Ahhh!! You are right! I totally missed this :)

[odreamer.livejournal.com]

:)

[raessentia.livejournal.com]

I only just understand that you were pointing to "ARE" :)

[mithrilian.livejournal.com]

I suspect that "изливать" used to have a primary meaning similar to "выливать", but became a part of a poetic phrase.

The list is lacking at least one word:

разливать --
1. pour equally into several containers
2. to spill, same as проливать.

and several secondary meanings.

отливать -- to urinate (by a human male)
сливать -- to share some supposedly secret information
сливать -- to fail in something (new word)
заливать -- to tell tall tales

Also, some of these words have powerful cultural associations with alcohol, mostly with vodka "наливать", "разливать" and beer: "(не)доливать".

[mithrilian.livejournal.com]

Oops, forgot to specify that all those secondary meanings belong to the lower speech and should not be used in anything remotely formal/official.

[raessentia.livejournal.com]

Yeah, you are right about изливать.
And, yeah, i totally forgot about разливать, gotta add it. Thanks.

But about other meanings, all of them are slang, so i dont see a point in learning them. If person learning russian he or she will understand slang eventually without wasting time on learning it on purpose.

[mithrilian.livejournal.com]

Sorry, I was correcting my comment and copied it below.
I am not sure that people learning Russian from outside Russia have much of opportunity to learn slang. Yet it's an important part of any culture.

[igorborisov.livejournal.com]

Also сливать means same as выливать. Or, more correctly, opposite to заливать.
E.g.: Сливать тосол из радиатора.

[moon-aka-sun.livejournal.com]

But you never say "выливать тосол из радиатора".

[tibuke.livejournal.com]

сливать also means "to get rid of something quickly": Мне надо слить доллары, пока курс совсем не упал. Фирма слила товар, который начал портиться.

[surasure.livejournal.com]

and a bit of everyday slang:

сливать - screw smth up or skip doing smth when you get the feeling it won't worthy or you totaly are not up to the task/circumstances

я слил эту работу - i screwed or declined it, or also i passed it to smb else (if followed by TO WHOM)

заливать - hey man, that's shooting the bull now! brag about and or lie
отливать (пойти \сходить отлить)is also to pee

проливать свет на правду is to bring facts or truth (or whatever) into light

[mithrilian.livejournal.com]

Hmmm.... I did mention all of these but the last one, in my comment above ^)

It is great. It is not. :)

[archaicos.livejournal.com]

Переливать has another meaning: to move some liquid from one container to another one by pouring.
Обливать often has a negative connotation.

It's great, but I believe our prefixes give nearly as much headache to learners of Russian as English phrasal verbs to learners of English. :) It would be great not to complicate matters on one hand, but on the other, it's nice to have such a feature that can save a lot of space that it would otherwise take to explain the same idea with different means.

For an example of a similar feature, look at contractions in languages of Roman descent (typically a preposition contracted with an article, or two personal pronouns):
a + el = al
de + el = del
de + ela = dela
a + a = à

Easy? How about these now?:
de + a = da
em + a = na
con + mi = conmigo
por + o = pelo
nos + o = no-lo

And as a learner you'd need to do extra processing of these every time you see them or want to say.

[racoonbear.livejournal.com]

166 форм глагола "извергать":

изверг, извергав, извергавшаго, извергавшагося, извергавшая, извергавшаяся, извергавшего, извергавшегося, извергавшее, извергавшееся, извергавшей, извергавшейся, извергавшем, извергавшемся, извергавшему, извергавшемуся, извергавшею, извергавшеюся, извергавши, извергавшие, извергавшиеся, извергавший, извергавшийся, извергавшим, извергавшими, извергавшимися, извергавшимся, извергавших, извергавшихся, извергавшия, извергавшияся, извергавшую, извергавшуюся, извергаем, извергаема, извергаемаго, извергаемая, извергаемо, извергаемого, извергаемое, извергаемой, извергаемом, извергаемому, извергаемою, извергаемую, извергаемы, извергаемые, извергаемый, извергаемым, извергаемыми, извергаемых, извергаемыя, извергает, извергаете, извергается, извергаешь, извергай, извергайте, извергал, извергала, извергалась, извергали, извергались, извергало, извергалось, извергался, извергать, извергаться, извергаю, извергают, извергаются, извергающаго, извергающагося, извергающая, извергающаяся, извергающего, извергающегося, извергающее, извергающееся, извергающей, извергающейся, извергающем, извергающемся, извергающему, извергающемуся, извергающею, извергающеюся, извергающие, извергающиеся, извергающий, извергающийся, извергающим, извергающими, извергающимися, извергающимся, извергающих, извергающихся, извергающия, извергающияся, извергающую, извергающуюся, извергая, извергла, извергли, извергло, извергнем, извергнет, извергнете, извергнешь, извергни, извергните, извергну, извергнув, извергнувшаго, извергнувшая, извергнувшего, извергнувшее, извергнувшей, извергнувшем, извергнувшему, извергнувшею, извергнувши, извергнувшие, извергнувший, извергнувшим, извергнувшими, извергнувших, извергнувшия, извергнувшую, извергнул, извергнут, извергнута, извергнутаго, извергнутая, извергнуто, извергнутого, извергнутое, извергнутой, извергнутом, извергнутому, извергнутою, извергнутую, извергнуты, извергнутые, извергнутый, извергнутым, извергнутыми, извергнутых, извергнутыя, извергнуть, извергшаго, извергшая, извергшего, извергшее, извергшей, извергшем, извергшему, извергшею, извергши, извергшие, извергший, извергшим, извергшими, извергших, извергшия, извергшую.

http://obozrevatel.com/news/2005/6/30/23084.htm

[racoonbear.livejournal.com]

It's not about prefixes, but it shows how we can derive different forms from the same base :)

[mithrilian.livejournal.com]

Also, are the words on -таго and -того really different words? It looks to me as they are two versions of spelling-- old and new.
e.g. извергнутаго/извергнутого

This list seems to me as to have been compiled primarily ради красного словца :))

[mithrilian.livejournal.com]

1. Since when participles, gerunds and adverbial adjectives are called verbs?

2. Some of these words are archaic and so do not belong to modern Russian.

3. Also, some proper verbs are missing: e.g. извергнула, извергнуло.

[o-jovem-louco.livejournal.com]

1. Many linguists are of this point of view, and there is a base under it.

[romik-g.livejournal.com]

сливаться, слиться - informal: to disappear, to to commit 'fail'; formal: merge, fade, assimilate

[licvidator.livejournal.com]

it just hard to explain such small "in-betweens" of russian language in english for me
Try to explain youself prefixes with word "х%й" in english :-) It's much harder...

[raessentia.livejournal.com]

Haha, i think is is impossible! :) Russian "мат" is untranslateble :)

[ybelov.livejournal.com]

залить - (inf.) upload (залить фильм на сайт)