[identity profile] greenbean14.livejournal.com posting in [community profile] learn_russian
I was curious, when do you use "с" and when do you use "со", what letter would have to follow in order for you to use "со"? For example:
с старым маслом...would you use "со" since the two c's are next to each other? What other letters would you use "co" with? And when do you know?

Date: 2005-10-19 03:17 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] happy-accidents.livejournal.com
Nope, it's not really so much about the c as it is consonants in general.
Here's an example: с собой (with self). No "o" is necessary, because after the second c there is a vowel.
The purpose of "со" is to aid in pronounciation. So, if there is some kind of consonant cluster after the c, like in your example of старым маслом, it is appropriate to use со.
Some other examples I can think of, using co are:
со зданиями (with buildings)
со стулом (with a chair)
etc..

Summary: If there's more than one consonant after the c, make it co.. if there's only one (even if the word begins with c) it's c!

No problem

Date: 2005-10-19 03:38 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] happy-accidents.livejournal.com
the same goes for the preposition в/во.

Date: 2005-10-19 03:43 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] madrumos.livejournal.com
Alas, I'm going to have to complicate it.

с твоими друзьями

Here c is used, not co, despite the consonant cluster. I believe that it's a matter of having a difficult to pronounce cluster. This seems pretty vague, I'm sure there's a better rule, but I'm not sure. Here are some consonant clusters that would require co off the top of my head:
мн (со мной)
зд
ст(р) (со старым другом)
вс (со всеми)
льд (со льдом)

I'm sure there are more, this is just what I could come up with.

Hope this helps somewhat.

Date: 2005-10-19 05:09 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] miram.livejournal.com
Here is the article about "со" from Ushakov's Dictionary:
со (·без·удар., кроме тех случаев, когда ударение переносится на предлог, со смеху, со ста), предлог. То же, что с2; употр.:

1) перед многими словами, начинающимися с двух или более согласных, особенно если первая из них "с", "з", напр.: со зла, со стыда, со смеху, со ста, со стола, со звездой, со сна, со стариком, со стрелой, со службы, со слов;

2) наравне с "с" перед многими словами, начинающимися с "ш" или с двух или более согласных, особенно если среди них "р" или "л", напр.: со швырком, борьба со шпионажем, со сливками, со слезами, со сроками, со словами, со службой, со своими, со знанием, со льном, со вниманием (при с швырком, с шпионажем, с сливками, с слезами и т.д.);

3) перед соответствующими падежами слов "весь", "всякий" и "многий" и перед словом "мною", напр.: со всеми, со всяким, со многими (а также с многими), со мною;

4) перед словами, начинающимися звуком "щ", напр.: со щами, со щукой, со щенком, со счастьем;

5) вместо "с" в отдельных ·устар. выражениях и вообще в ·ритор. устар. речи, сохраняющей традиции старинного литературного языка, напр. со крестом, со товарищи (с товарищами);

6) вместо "с" в ·обл. и ·нар.-поэт. речи, напр.: нет меду со пчел (Некрасов), со Ильей со Муромцем, со каликами перехожими.

Date: 2005-10-19 08:32 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] welgar.livejournal.com
BTW, the same rules regulate use of "из/изо" (from), "в/во" (in, into), "над/надо" (above, over), "под/подо" (under, below), "перед/передо" (in front of, before) and other prepositions ending with a consonant.

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