Acronyms

[devinshire.livejournal.com]

Hello! I'm translating an article about bird flu and there are several acronyms here I'm not familiar with. Memories isn't working right now, so I hope this hasn't been asked before. Here's the list:

НИИ
ГАИ (this is something like highway patrol, I think)
ГО
ЧС

I'd be eternally grateful to anyone who can tell me the Russian long form of these acronyms and possibly how they would translate (if it isn't obvious). Thanks!