http://phoonzang.livejournal.com/ ([identity profile] phoonzang.livejournal.com) wrote in [community profile] learn_russian 2016-06-24 08:53 am (UTC)

Hi,

лучше is an adverb, лучший is an adjective. Like in English where sometimes you've got pairs good (person) - well (made), bad (mistake) - badly (performed) (there are though exceptions to that in English, one being "I feel good" - the above model would prescribe "I feel well").

Given that, лучше/хуже describes a verb — ты сделал это лучше, чем я; Оля говорит по-русски лучше, чем Петя.

Contrarily, лучший, худший describes а noun: лучший футболист, худшая сборная.

Лучший, худший, меньший are *not* superlatives as pointed out above, they're comparatives too, but in the world of adjectives (the corresponding superlatives would be наилучший, наихудший, наименьший).

In the corresponding English sentences you fall back to better/worse which can be both adjectives and adverbs depending on the context (a better player - better made, a way worse blunder - he performed worse). In Russian, the separation between adverbs and adjectives persists also in the case of comparative usage.

Now to your your examples:
1) Матч завтра будет лучше, чем сегодняшний. Here, лучше describes the verb будет, that's why you're using an adverb. But: из двух матчей сегодняшний был лучшим: here лучшим (лучший в творительном падеже) describes one of the matches. It's perfectly OK to say из двух матчей сегодняшний был лучше by again describing the verb был by лучше. The first sentence sounds a bit more like written language, the second one like a spoken phrase.

2) The same applies to your second example: фильм был лучше — you compare not the films themselves but rather the process of their being and their impact on you.

Hope that helps.

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